For diploma holders in Surgery, PDCET is not just another entrance exam. It is the exam that decides where you will train next, the kind of surgical exposure you will get, and the direction your career will take.
After completing a post-diploma, most residents aim to enter DNB Surgery and continue higher surgical training. PDCET is the only pathway for that. A good rank means access to better institutions, stronger mentorship, and wider operative exposure.
With PDCET 2026 scheduled on 12 April 2026, this is the right time to begin preparation with a clear plan and proper guidance.
What is the PDCET Exam? Know in Detail
PDCET stands for Post Diploma Centralized Entrance Test. It is conducted by the National Board of Examinations (NBE) for doctors who have completed their Post Diploma and want to pursue Post Diploma DNB courses.
Surgery residents, this exam allows your entry into DNB Surgery (Post Diploma) programmes in government and private hospitals across the country.
Simply put, PDCET is the exam that takes you from diploma training to advanced surgical specialisation.
PDCET 2026 Exam Date
Date: Sunday, 12 April 2026
Mode: Computer-based examination
Centres: Conducted at multiple centres across India
PDCET Exam Pattern
The paper is designed to test your understanding of core surgery and clinical decision-making.
Component
Details
Mode
Computer-based test
Duration
2 hours
Questions
120 multiple-choice questions
Marking
4 marks for every correct answer
Negative marking
1 mark deducted for every wrong answer
Subject
Surgery only
Why is PDCET Important?
PDCET is a turning point in a surgeon’s career. It determines:
Where you will receive your advanced training
The quality of operative exposure you will get
The mentors who will shape your clinical thinking
The confidence with which you step into independent practice
A strong rank gives you better choices and stronger training centres.
How Conceptual Surgery Supports Your Preparation?
Surgery is not a subject you can master by reading alone. It needs guidance, experience, and structured learning from teachers who understand both clinical practice and examination requirements.
High-quality video lectures Recorded exclusively by senior teachers with 35 to 60 years of experience as MS and DNB examiners.
Clinical case demonstrations Real patient examinations, case presentations, and demonstration of clinical signs — just like in ward rounds and exams.
Mentorship programmes Live interactive sessions, regular doubt-clearing discussions, and thesis guidance to support residents through every stage of training.
A strong academic ecosystem
300+ years of combined teaching experience
30+ expert faculty members
5,000+ hours of learning content being added gradually
Dedicated academic support from experienced professionals
Conceptual Surgery is designed to help residents grow steadily — every day, every year, and throughout their surgical career.
Final Thoughts
PDCET is not just an entrance test. It is the foundation of your future as a surgeon.
With the exam scheduled for 12 April 2026, this is the time to prepare with discipline, consistency, and the right mentorship.
If you want to build strong concepts, sharpen your clinical judgement, and train under the best teachers, your preparation must begin now.
And with the guidance of Conceptual Surgery, you can move towards PDCET with confidence and clarity.
Short cases in MS and DNB exams can be intimidating, not because they are difficult, but because one small mistake can cost you precious marks. Among all short cases, inguinal hernia is one of the most commonly asked, and also one of the most scoring, if approached correctly.
In this blog, Prof. Dr. Pawanindra Lal breaks down exactly how examiners expect you to examine, present, diagnose, and manage a case of inguinal hernia. If you master this format, half your battle is already won.
Step 1: Start with a Focused History
When the examiner hands you the case, the patient will usually say:
“Doctor, I have a swelling in my groin.”
That’s your cue to ask only the most relevant questions.
The three most important questions:
Where is the swelling? – Groin / extending into scrotum?
Since how long is the swelling present? – Duration tells you whether it’s chronic or complicated.
Any events related to the swelling?
History of irreducibility
Abdominal distension with vomiting (suggesting obstruction)
Any emergency surgery in the past
Look for causes that increase abdominal pressure:
Chronic cough (COPD)
Chronic constipation
Straining during urination (LUTS)
These are the most common contributing factors examiners expect you to mention.
Step 2: Examination Must Be in Standing & Supine Position
A hernia is best seen when the patient is standing.
Always say:
“I examined the patient in both standing and supine position.”
Large hernias may already be visible in lying down position, but mentioning both positions shows proper clinical method.
Step 3: Inspection — The Most Important Step
On inspection, follow the classic 5 S’s of swelling:
Site
Size
Shape
Surface
Surrounding skin
What should you look for?
✔ Is the swelling:
Inguinal only
Inguinoscrotal
Completely scrotal (complete hernia)
✔ Is there a visible cough impulse? This is a hallmark of hernia and is absent only in obstructed hernia.
✔ Look for:
Skin stretching
Discoloration
Deviation of penis
Visible peristalsis (in large hernias)
Surgical scars
Umbilical hernia (always examine the whole abdomen)
Important Differentials
Not every scrotal swelling is a hernia. It could be:
Hydrocele
Testicular tumor
Epididymal swelling
Scrotal wall lesion
So never jump to conclusions.
Step 4: Identify the Type of Hernia on Inspection
Use the pubic tubercle as your landmark.
Hernia Type
Position
Indirect inguinal hernia
Above & medial to pubic tubercle
Direct inguinal hernia
Bulge in Hesselbach’s triangle
Femoral hernia
Below & lateral to pubic tubercle
A careful look can already give you a strong clue even before palpation.
Step 5: Palpation — Confirm Your Findings
Start with the 2 T’s:
Temperature
Tenderness
Then confirm:
Site of swelling
Whether you can get above the swelling
Whether pubic tubercle is palpable
If you cannot get above the swelling, it is an inguinoscrotal hernia.
Step 6: The Only Test You Need — Deep Ring Occlusion Test
Forget finger invagination, Zieman’s test, or three-finger test. Examiners only want one test:
Deep Ring Occlusion Test
Prerequisite: Hernia must be reducible.
Method:
Reduce the hernia completely
Occlude the deep ring with your thumb
Ask patient to cough or stand
Interpretation:
If hernia does not reappear → Indirect hernia
If hernia still appears → Direct hernia
If the hernia is irreducible, you cannot perform the test — and should clearly say so.
Step 7: Final Diagnosis — This Is Where You Score
Your diagnosis should be complete and structured:
“This is a right-sided, complete, reducible, indirect inguinal hernia with enterocele.”
Breakdown:
Right sided
Complete (reaching bottom of scrotum)
Reducible
Indirect (confirmed by deep ring occlusion test)
Enterocele (bowel content — elastic feel)
If doughy and partially reducible → likely omentocele
Step 8: Management — Speak Like a Surgeon
Your answer should show awareness of both modern and classical surgery:
“Depending on the patient’s fitness and my training, I would offer laparoscopic repair (TAPP/TEP). If not suitable, I would perform open Lichtenstein tension-free hernioplasty.”
This shows:
Knowledge of current practice
Practical surgical training
Safe decision-making
Final Words
Short cases are not about showing off — they are about showing clarity, structure, and confidence.
If you follow this exact format:
Focused history
Systematic inspection
Logical palpation
Correct test
Clear diagnosis
Safe management
You will never fear an inguinal hernia short case again.
As Prof. Dr. Pawanindra Lal rightly says — Once you understand the anatomy and follow the steps, the case presents itself.
General Surgery is not a branch people choose because it sounds easy. Most who step into it already know what’s coming—long hours, demanding seniors, emergencies that don’t care about your schedule, and a learning curve that keeps rising.
In the beginning, it can feel relentless. You assist more than you operate. You stand for hours. You go home tired, sometimes frustrated. But slowly, something changes. You begin to understand anatomy in three dimensions. Your hands start remembering movements. Decisions start making sense.
If you’re thinking about Surgery after MBBS, you’re probably not looking for hype. You want to know what degrees are available, how training actually feels, and whether the grind leads somewhere worthwhile in India. Let’s talk about it honestly.
MS (Master of Surgery) in General Surgery
MS – Master of Surgery in General Surgery is the most common postgraduate degree in Surgery in India. It is a three-year residency conducted in medical colleges recognised by the National Medical Commission (NMC).
Surgical residency is demanding from day one. Your routine includes ward rounds, emergency calls, OPDs, and long hours in the operation theatre. Many days end later than planned, and many nights don’t really end at all.
Training usually involves:
Emergency surgical management
Assisting and performing open surgeries
Pre-operative and post-operative care
OPD decision-making and ward work
In the early phase, you may feel like you’re doing more service than surgery. But that groundwork matters. Surgery teaches patience before independence.
Life After MS (Master of Surgery) General Surgery
After completing MS General Surgery, most doctors work as general surgeons in hospitals. Many choose to do senior residency to improve confidence before independent practice.
With experience, surgeons often:
Join private or government hospitals
Develop interest in specific surgical areas
Prepare for super-specialisation
General Surgery builds a strong foundation. What you do later often depends on how well you build this phase.
DNB (Diplomate of National Board) in General Surgery
DNB – Diplomate of National Board in General Surgery is awarded by the National Board of Examinations (NBE). Like MS, it is a three-year postgraduate program and is widely accepted in clinical practice.
DNB Surgery training often takes place in busy hospitals with high patient load. This usually means:
Early exposure to emergencies
High volume of cases
Learning under real pressure
Many DNB residents become confident decision-makers because they manage patients closely from admission to discharge.
Scope After DNB (Diplomate of National Board) General Surgery
After completing DNB General Surgery, doctors commonly:
Work as general surgeons
Join emergency and trauma hospitals
Enter academics after fulfilling eligibility norms
Pursue super-specialisation
In real-world surgery, outcomes and judgment matter more than degree labels.
Diploma Courses in Surgery: The Current Situation
Earlier, diploma courses like DGS (Diploma in General Surgery) existed. Over time, these have largely been phased out.
Doctors who already hold diploma qualifications continue to practice, often with experience. For current MBBS graduates, MS or DNB Surgery is the more reliable and future-ready option.
What Comes After General Surgery?
Many surgeons choose to specialise further after postgraduate training. Common paths include:
Gastrointestinal Surgery
Surgical Oncology
Urology
Pediatric Surgery
Vascular Surgery
These are usually pursued through MCh (Magister Chirurgiae) or DNB Super-Specialty programs.
Career Scope of Surgery in India
General Surgery continues to have strong relevance in India. Emergency surgeries, abdominal procedures, trauma care, and basic surgical needs ensure that general surgeons are always required.
Opportunities exist in:
Government hospitals
Private and corporate hospitals
Nursing homes and surgical centres
That said, Surgery is not a branch for shortcuts. Skill develops slowly, and confidence comes only with experience.
Who Is Surgery Really Meant For?
Surgery suits doctors who:
Enjoy hands-on work
Are comfortable making decisions under pressure
Don’t mind long hours and physical fatigue
Are willing to learn gradually
It’s not a branch where results come fast. But when they do, they’re tangible and deeply satisfying.
Final Thoughts
Choosing between MS (Master of Surgery) General Surgery and DNB (Diplomate of National Board) General Surgery matters—but choosing Surgery with realistic expectations matters even more.
If you’re ready for the hard work, the patience, and the responsibility that comes with it, Surgery offers a career where your skills directly save lives—sometimes in ways no one else can.
Choosing a postgraduate branch is one of the biggest and most stressful decisions of your medical journey. With counselling results out and multiple rounds still to come, many of you are stuck with the same question:
👉 Should I take Surgery… or should I not?
Some of you may already have a surgery seat in hand and are seeking reassurance. Others are confused by what you’ve seen during internship — the long duty hours, exhausted residents, and stories of poor work–life balance.
This blog is for everyone standing at this crossroads.
Let’s talk openly about what surgical residency really looks like, the myths around it, what life is like after MS/DNB Surgery, and whether this field is truly right for you.
Why I Chose Surgery – My Journey?
I completed my MBBS from Grant Medical College & JJ Hospital, Mumbai, followed by MS Surgery from KEM Hospital (2011–2014). My All-India PG rank was 282, which meant I could choose nearly any branch — even Radiology or Medicine, which were top options at the time.
Yet, I deliberately chose surgery.
Not because it promised easy money or an easy life — but because:
I enjoyed hands-on work.
I wanted to do something tangible, not just consult or prescribe.
I loved the immediacy: you see a hernia, operate, and the problem is solved — no guesswork.
Reality of Surgical Residency
Let’s be honest — surgical residency is not easy.
At KEM Hospital:
We worked 18–19 hours daily.
Emergency duties stretched to 36-hour shifts.
Weekly emergency calls were intense.
Exposure was excellent but physically demanding.
Today, the residency workload has reduced slightly because many institutes now have more PG seats, distributing the duties better. But surgery still requires:
✅ Long hours ✅ Physical stamina ✅ Mental resilience
Residency is tough — but it’s also extremely rewarding for the right mindset.
Hands-on Exposure: The Truth
Many aspirants worry: “If I take surgery, will I be operating enough?”
Here’s the real picture:
Emergency Work
Debridements
Amputations
Perforation laparotomies
Appendectomies 👉 You get plenty of “cutting” here.
Elective Work
Hernias
Hydroceles
Basic open surgeries in early years
Laparoscopy exposure varies by institute
By the end of your 3 years:
✅ You become a qualified surgeon ❌ Not a fully independent surgeon yet
Monetary Reality
Surgery is NOT a “get-rich-quick” branch.
Surgeons usually start making good money in their mid-to-late 30s
Earlier years focus on skill-building more than income
Hospital charges do NOT directly equal surgeon income
Surgeon’s share ≈ 20–40% of case billing
But with volume and experience, overall earnings become strong.
Job Satisfaction – The Big Advantage
This is where surgery shines most.
✅ Immediate results ✅ Visible patient recovery ✅ Direct impact of your skills
Operating gives unmatched satisfaction:
You perform the procedure, and the patient feels better the very next day.
That sense of being the “hero of the story” is something medicine can rarely provide at the same intensity.
Who Should Take Surgery?
✅ You should consider Surgery if:
You enjoy hands-on work
You want action over theory
You seek visible results
You’re ready for delayed gratification
You can handle pressure and responsibility
❌ Think twice if:
You dislike emergency duties
You hate operating rooms
You want quick lifestyle comfort
You can’t handle complications or emotionally tough outcomes
Being neutral is okay. Having a dislike is dangerous — avoid the branch if that’s how you feel.
Dear aspirants, as NEET SS is almost one month away, most aspirants are worried about finishing the syllabus, revising effectively, and understanding what the exam actually expects.
So it’s not the time to go for a random resource; in fact, it is time to choose where choosing the right platform can completely change your preparation.
Conceptual Surgery has become one of the most reliable choices because it focuses on clarity, clinical understanding, and exam-oriented learning.
Why Conceptual Surgery Works So Well for NEET SS Preparation?
1. Lectures by Senior MS/DNB Examiners
The classes are created and taught by teachers who have been examiners for decades. They explain how answers are evaluated, how to approach long questions, and what not to waste time on. This helps you study smart instead of studying randomly.
2. Strong Focus on Clinical Examination and Case-Based Learning
NEET SS is shifting more toward clinical thinking. Conceptual Surgery helps you develop that skill through:
Clinical examination demonstrations
Case presentations
Clinical signs shown on real patients
This builds confidence for both the exam and future surgical practice.
3. Complete Exam-Oriented Preparation in One Place
You do not have to search for different resources elsewhere. The platform includes:
Updated surgical guidelines and techniques
Viva and practical exam training
Theory notes and structured discussions
Live PG courses
Live MCQ discussions
Recent exam questions and solved papers
A detailed question bank for practice
High-yield pearls for last-minute revision
Hardcopy Clinical Examination in Surgery books
Live discussions on rare and important cases
Everything you need is organised in a way that is easy to revise and easy to follow.
4. Teachers With Real Experience in Exam Patterns
The faculty includes some of the most respected names in surgery. They simplify complex concepts, share practical insights from decades of experience, and guide you on how to write answers that score.
Why Conceptual Surgery Stands Out as the Best Platform for NEET SS?
Structured and organised preparation
Clear explanation of high-yield topics
Strong clinical foundation
Reliable mentorship
Complete coverage of theory, clinical skills, and MCQs
Efficient revision tools for the last month
At this stage of preparation, clarity and direction matter more than anything else and Conceptual Surgery provides you both, which makes it one of the best choices for NEET SS aspirants who want a focused, practical, and effective preparation plan.
Ward-round notes are much more than routine documentation—they reflect how well you understand your patient, how deeply you assess their condition, and how professionally you present your clinical work. In this blog, Dr. Shailesh Gupta, the originator of the Mastering Beginning Session: Page-by-Page Lecture Series on Conceptual Surgery, explains the most scientific and effective way to write ward-round notes using the S.O.A.P. method.
Below is the complete explanation, translated into English and framed clearly as a blog.
Why Are Ward-Round Notes So Important?
Generally, when we write notes, what should be our priorities, what should be our pattern—this is what we will discuss.
Whenever we go to the ward and pick up any sheet, we see all kinds of notes. Some are written very well. Some are written roughly. Some have too much information. Some have too little information. So I am going to tell you what the best scientific method is for writing notes.
And why—because your note is a reflection of your clinical work. A note is the best way to can impress your seniors. Your notes show how extensively you examined the patient and how systematically you assessed the case. Ideal notes should be concise, should contain all relevant information, and should not miss anything. It is honestly the easiest way to impress your seniors.
The S.O.A.P. Method for Writing Medical Notes
S – Subjective
The protocol to be followed for writing medical notes is known as S.O.A.P.—S-O-A-P. The first part is Subjective.
Subjective means whenever you reach the bedside, your first question should be simple: “How are you feeling?”
As soon as you ask this, the patient will start telling you what they have gone through in the last 24 hours. It will be vague, emotional, and subjective. But you must not interrupt the patient. Listen carefully. They will tell you their entire story: “I had a lot of pain yesterday… I vomited… then I did this… then this happened… and later I felt better…” You must listen to the full story exactly as it is and note it down. That is subjective.
Once the subjective part ends, you understand how the patient describes their events.
O – Objective
Next comes Objective.
Objective means now you go deeper into what the patient told you. You ask pointed, specific questions.
For example, if the patient said in the subjective part, “I had a lot of pain and two episodes of vomiting,” then in the objective part, you ask:
When did the pain start?
How long did it last?
What made it better?
If the patient mentions vomiting, you ask:
When did the vomiting occur?
Did it start after eating?
What was the colour?
How did it stop?
How is it now?
These are objective questions—questions with specific answers.
If the patient said, “I had a fever at night,” the objective questions would be:
Did anyone measure it?
What was the exact reading?
How long did it last?
Did it subside after paracetamol?
This is how you convert subjective complaints into objective details.
A – Assessment
Assessment means your clinical examination—per abdominal, respiratory, local examination, etc.
For example:
After asking subjective questions and clarifying objective details,
You examine the patient and write things like “soft, non-tender abdomen,”
“Bilateral air entry present and clear.”
Local wound condition, and so on.
This is your assessment.
P – Plan
Plan means what you are going to do after talking to the patient and examining them.
For example, if the patient said they had vomiting, fever, and pain… If, objectively, you find the vomiting was bilious with 4–5 episodes… If there were two fever spikes… And during assessment, you find the abdomen is distended…
Then your plan might be:
Insert an NG tube
Start IV fluids
Start antibiotics
Get an X-ray
Get a scan
The plan can be divided into parts:
Change, addition, or removal of medications
Imaging (X-ray, scan, etc.)
Cross-consultations
Any interventions planned (for example, possible return to OT next day)
This is how your plan should be structured.
How a Well-Structured S.O.A.P. Note Looks?
If you write notes using Subjective, Objective, Assessment, and Plan, it will look beautiful.
Imagine your senior arrives and sees a note like:
Subjective: Patient seen by X Y Z, complaining of fever, vomiting, and pain… (and so on)
Objective: Fever of this grade returned to baseline after paracetamol… Pain was colicky… Vomiting was bilious, two episodes… (and so on)
Assessment: Per abdomen findings, chest examination, local examination… (as described)
Plan:
Insert NG tube, start IV fluids, supplement potassium, get CT scan done, monitor vitals, etc.
A good note should convey three things:
You have seen the patient.
You have made a plan.
If someone else reads your note in your absence, they should understand the entire case.
Conclusion:
So do not forget the S.O.A.P. format for writing medical notes. 99% of people still don’t know how to write proper ward-round notes, but it is a very important skill to have.
To watch more insightful sessions, join Conceptual Surgery
Chronic pelvic pain (CPP) is one of the most challenging and often underdiagnosed conditions among women. While many causes are considered, like endometriosis, fibroids, or infections, one crucial and frequently missed reason is Pelvic Congestion Syndrome (PCS).
PCS arises due to ovarian and pelvic varicosities, leading to venous congestion within the pelvis. If not identified early, it can cause long-term discomfort and complications.
Who Is Most Commonly Affected?
If you don’t know, then we must tell you that the Pelvic Congestion Syndrome typically affects the premenopausal, multiparous women (especially for those who have given birth more than once), this is usually occurring between the ages of 40 and 45 years.
There were a lot of hormonal and physiological changes that happen during pregnancy can cause veins in the pelvis to expand and weaken, which gives resulting in poor venous drainage over time.
Women who have PCS usually it is present with chronic, dull, and non-cyclical pelvic pain. The pain often turns out to worsen:
After prolonged women face problems in standing or sitting
This also happens during or after sexual intercourse
Also affected in their premenstrual phase
Especially during pregnancy
Other associated symptoms include:
Menorrhagia is when you have heavy menstrual bleeding
Dyspareunia is the pain that happens during intercourse.
Lateral pelvic discomfort
Urinary symptoms or recurrent infections often occur in this.
Sometimes, visible vulvar or thigh varicosities
This is quite disturbing; the discomfort is not just physical but also affects the woman’s quality of life, which later on leads to anxiety, fatigue, and reduced activity.
Clinical Signs
During a physical examination, doctors may find:
Tenderness over the uterus and ovaries
Varicose veins on the vulva, inner thighs, or buttocks
Hemorrhoids or visible varicosities in the perineal region
These clues help direct attention toward vascular causes of pelvic pain, which are often overlooked.
Why Is Diagnosis Delayed?
Pelvic Congestion Syndrome is regularly diagnosed late because its symptoms are usually partly covered by other pelvic disorders like endometriosis, fibroids, or urinary tract infections.
The diagnosis is basically made after excluding other causes of chronic pelvic pain.
Investigations and Diagnostic Tests
1. Duplex Ultrasound
The first-line investigation is a Duplex Ultrasound, both abdominal and transvaginal. It helps visualize the pelvic venous flow dynamically and is a rapid, accessible, and non-invasive outpatient test.
2. Advanced Imaging
If ultrasound reports findings are indeterminate, the following may be used:
MR Venography – it basically provides detailed imaging of pelvic veins.
Diagnostic Venography – it is basically considered the gold standard, as it perfectly visualizes the reflux and dilation of ovarian veins.
Management of Pelvic Congestion Syndrome
You know what the management of PCS includes: both medical and interventional approaches, which depend on symptom severity.
1. Psychotherapy
Chronic pain often alters pain perception. Psychotherapy helps patients cope by addressing the emotional and psychological impact of chronic pain.
It provides symptomatic that give relief from chronic pain
3. Interventional/Surgical Treatment
The mainstay intervention is Endovascular Embolization.
Procedure: The dilated ovarian or pelvic veins are sealed using coils or sclerosing agents to stop reflux.
Advantages:
This is minimally invasive
It has lower perioperative morbidity
The recovery time is too Short
There is a high success rate for symptom relief
After consolidation, the imaging often shows the resolution of pelvic varicosities, which leads to significant pain improvement.
Venous Thromboembolism: A Related Concern
There is a relatable concern about transitioning from pelvic congestion to a broader vascular concern, Venous Thromboembolism (VTE). It’s basically essential to understand how venous disorders can lead to some serious issues in your body.
VTE basically refers to the formation of a semisolid clot (thrombus) within the venous system, which can block blood flow and give the results of deep vein thrombosis (DVT) or pulmonary embolism (PE).
Complications of Venous Thrombosis
Immediate: there’s an immediate pain you may suffer with, along with swelling or redness in the affected limb.
Long-term: Development of post-thrombotic syndrome, which typically leads to chronic pain and venous insufficiency.
Etiology and Pathophysiology: Virchow’s Triad
The development of venous thrombosis is perfectly explained by Virchow’s Triad, which includes these things:
Endothelial Damage – there is an injury to the vein wall, which is often due to trauma, surgery, or inflammation.
Venous Stasis – inactive or static blood flow, which is very common and happens during immobilization or long hospital stays.
Hypercoagulability – this is an increased tendency of the blood to clot due to assumption or acquired factors.
Predisposing Factors for VTE
Category
Examples
Hospitalization
Medical or surgical admissions
Trauma
Especially fractures of the pelvis or lower limbs
Pregnancy and Postpartum
Hormonal and venous changes increase clotting risk
Medications
Oral contraceptives, hormone therapy
Systemic Conditions
Heart failure, atherosclerosis, and postoperative immobility
Among these, endothelial injury remains the most critical risk factor, as it triggers inflammatory changes leading to a procoagulant surface that favors clot formation.
Inherited and Acquired Thrombophilia
You know? Certain individuals have a genetic tendency towards hypercoagulability (thrombophilia). Examples include:
Resistance to activated Protein C
Factor V Leiden mutation
Prothrombin gene mutation
These conditions may not cause thrombosis alone but act synergistically with other risk factors such as surgery, immobility, or hormonal therapy.
Conclusion
You know that Pelvic Congestion Syndrome and Venous Thromboembolism are very different in presentation, which share a common ground in venous dysfunction.
On the other hand, the PCS manifests as chronic pelvic pain due to some venous dilation and reflux, and VTE, which presents as an acute or chronic thrombotic condition within the veins.
Early recognition of PCS can prevent unnecessary suffering and improve life quality through targeted therapies like embolization.
Similarly, understanding the risk factors and mechanisms of venous thrombosis allows clinicians to prevent life-threatening complications.
In essence, a comprehensive approach to pelvic and venous health, encompassing diagnosis, medical therapy, psychological support, and minimally invasive interventions, remains key to better outcomes for women affected by these underrecognized conditions.
You know what, there is one question which is frequently asked among young doctors is, ‘What is DNB in Surgery?’ Especially when we talk about postgraduate surgical training in India,
This is one of the most respected postgraduate qualifications, Diplomate of National Board (DNB) in General Surgery, which is identical in recognition and value to an MS (Master of Surgery) degree. However, it contains a training structure, an evaluation system, and an examination process that have their own unique features.
This is your ultimate guide that covers everything about DNB Surgery you need to know, from the DNB entrance exam to eligibility, training modules, the DNB examination, practicals, DNB theory papers, and career prospects after completion.
DNB Examination Structure and Process
1. What is DNB in Surgery? Understanding the Course
So basically, the DNB Surgery is a postgraduate surgical residency training program that is conducted by the National Board of Examinations in Medical Sciences (NBEMS). It’s a very structured program that is especially designed to train doctors in their fundamental surgical skills, which include operative decision-making and proper patient management across all major surgical disciplines.
The DNB qualification holds equal value to the MD/MS degrees awarded by universities and is recognized by the National Medical Commission (NMC) and the Government of India.
This makes it an excellent choice for aspiring surgery residentswho want high-quality, hands-on exposure in real clinical settings.
2. Duration and Course Structure of DNB Surgery
The DNB General Surgery program is basically 3 years long for post-MBBS residents. Those who have already completed their postgraduate diploma in surgery can definitely pursue a two-year secondary DNB course.
Training Overview
Year 1: Basics of surgical anatomy, wound management, aseptic techniques, and first-assist experience in surgeries.
Year 2: Rotations through surgical subspecialties (urology, orthopedics, oncology, plastic surgery), involvement in emergency care, and DNB preparation for theory exams.
Year 3: Independent case management, advanced surgeries, research work, and OSCE training for final practical evaluation.
The surgery residency training program ensures that residents develop not just operative skills but also clinical judgment and research aptitude.
3. Eligibility Criteria for DNB Surgery
If a resident wants to pursue DNB Surgery, they must:
They should have an MBBS degree from a recognized medical institution.
With that, they should have permanent or provisional registration with the NMC or State Medical Council.
Residents need to qualify in the NEET PG examination, which basically serves as the DNB entrance exam for postgraduate medical seats in India.
4. Admission Process for DNB Surgery
Admission to DNB Surgery is concentrated and conducted by the Medical Counselling Committee (MCC), which is based on NEET PG scores.
Steps to Admission
They need to qualify NEET PG / DNB entrance exam.
Then they have to register for MCC counselling, which is officially under the DNB Post-MBBS category.
Residents should be required to participate in the choice filling and locking of preferred hospitals or institutes.
Their Seat allotment is typically based on NEET PG rank and seat matrix.
The Document verification and joining are provided at the allotted center.
DNB training is offered across reputed NBEMS-accredited hospitals, including both government and private medical institutions.
5. Training Experience and Clinical Exposure
During the DNB Surgery training, residents gain subjection to multiple voluntary and emergency surgical cases in overloaded patients in hospitals.
The key features of the DNB Surgery residency program are:
They need to gain experience in various surgical procedures in multiple departments
Residents need to actively participate in ward rounds, operating theaters, and the trauma unit.
It is very much compulsory in research and composition preparation.
They can also participate in OSCE courses and exam preparation sessions before the final practical exam happens.
Regular internal assessment and evaluation by an external examiner.
6. The DNB Examination Pattern and Evaluation
The DNB examination evaluates both theoretical knowledge and clinical competence. It is known for its depth, objectivity, and national-level uniformity.
A. DNB Theory Papers
There are 4 DNB theory papers, each carrying 100 marks.
The DNB Paper pattern includes both short and long-answer questions.
Topics include general surgical principles, gastrointestinal surgery, urology, plastic surgery, pediatric surgery, trauma, and anesthesia.
Residents must achieve a minimum of 50% aggregate to qualify for practicals.
B. Practical / Clinical Examination
You know, when the residents clear their DNB theory, they have to appear for the DNB OSCE (Objective Structured Clinical Examination) and Viva Voce as well.
Residents know that OSCE training is very crucial at this stage, which typically involves simulation-based case discussions, medical image analysis, surgical instrument identification, and clinical decision-making exercises.
The DNB OSCE ensures that each candidate has strong practical skills, awareness of patient safety, and effective clinical decision-making.
7. DNB vs MS in Surgery, Key Differences
Aspect
DNB in Surgery
MS in Surgery
Conducted by
NBEMS
Medical Universities
Training Location
Accredited hospitals
Medical colleges
Evaluation
Centralized DNB exam
University exams
Exposure
High-patient-volume hospitals
Structured college setup
Difficulty Level
Higher (especially DNB theory papers and OSCE)
Moderate
Recognition
Equivalent to MS
Recognized by NMC
Both are recognized qualifications, and a DNB General Surgeon is equally eligible for super-specialty courses (MCh/DNB SS) and teaching positions across India.
8. Daily Life of a DNB Surgery Resident
A surgery residency is demanding yet deeply fulfilling. The day of a DNB trainee involves:
They have to go on early morning ward rounds
Residents have to give pre- and post-operative care
They have to assist and perform surgeries
Attending regular academic discussions and DNB preparation sessions
Residents have to prepare case presentations for the DNB exam and the OSCE course
The training nurtures precision, discipline, and decision-making, the core of every successful surgeon’s identity.
9. Career Opportunities After DNB Surgery
Upon completing DNB in Surgery, multiple paths open up:
General Surgeon: Work in hospitals or private setups.
Teaching Faculty: Eligible for Assistant Professor and higher academic roles.
Private Practice: Build a specialized surgical clinic or group practice.
Super-specialization: Pursue MCh or DNB SS in fields such as:
Urology
Surgical Oncology
Cardiothoracic Surgery
Neurosurgery
Plastic Surgery
International Recognition: Many DNB graduates successfully qualify for PLAB, USMLE, or other global licensing exams.
The DNB qualification thus serves as a solid foundation for advanced SS preparation and global surgical careers.
Conclusion: The Pathway to Surgical Excellence
Can you imagine that pursuing a DNB in Surgery is not just an academic option; it is a professional change.
Overall, the concentrated surgery residency, basically very much challenging the DNB theory, accurate DNB exams, and a practical OSCE course training, this program casts you into a surgeon who balances both of things like technology and science, as well as compassion and exactness.
It is quite difficult for those who put in the hard work and discipline, but you know, DNB Surgery proves to be one of the most rewarding journeys in modern medicine for residents. This program provides global opportunities for teaching, research, and super-specialization for secure their future.
Are you a medical graduate or student who wants to pursue a career in surgery? You must have heard of the MRCS exam. Membership of the Royal Colleges of Surgeons (MRCS) is a key milestone for future surgeons, particularly those who desire to carry out surgery in the UK as well as other nations with recognition of UK qualifications.
In this blog, we’ll break down what MRCS is, its importance, the structure of the exam, eligibility, and how it fits into your journey toward a surgery residency program or preparing for super-speciality exams.
What is MRCS?
The MRCS (Membership of the Royal Colleges of Surgeons is a joint examination between the four Royal Colleges of Surgeons in the UK and Ireland that tests the knowledge, skills, and qualities a doctor needs to become a surgeon. They are:
Royal College of Surgeons of England
Royal College of Surgeons of Edinburgh
Royal College of Physicians and Surgeons of Glasgow
Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland
Passing the MRCS exam is a significant milestone on the path to entering higher surgical training in the UK and most Commonwealth countries. It’s commonly attempted by surgery residents who wish to pursue their professional development.
Why is the MRCS Important?
Gateway to Surgical Training: MRCS is a requirement for higher speciality training in surgery for most medical aspirants.
Global Recognition: The MRCS has recognition in many nations, serving as an important qualification for those who intend to practice abroad.
Structured Assessment: It verifies your clinical skills and knowledge, consistent with global standards.
Whether you are aiming for a surgery residency in the UK or an international exposure, the MRCS goes a long way in enhancing your profile.
Structure of the MRCS Exam
The MRCS exam consists of two parts:
Part A – Written Exam
Format: Two papers of multiple-choice questions (MCQs)
Duration: 5 hours total (2 papers)
Focus Areas: Applied basic sciences and general principles of surgery
Conducted: Every three months
Part B – OSCE (Objective Structured Clinical Examination)
Type: Practical test through stations
Focus Areas: Clinical knowledge, communication, technical and decision-making skills
Conducted: Several times a year in different international centres
Who Can Apply for MRCS?
You can apply for the MRCS exam if:
You possess a UK General Medical Council (GMC)-recognised medical degree.
You have finished one year of internship (for international applicants).
Numerous medical aspirants prepare for the MRCS while doing internships or even during the early years of residency.
MRCS vs SS Exam: What’s the Difference?
Numerous people mix up the MRCS exam with India’s Super Speciality Exam (SS Exam). Although both are important for progress in surgical careers, they are used for different purposes:
MRCS: Internationally accepted; leads to training in the UK and Commonwealth nations.
SS Exam: India-specific; admission to India’s MCh/DM super speciality courses requires it.
Nevertheless, most medical aspirants take both to have international and domestic options available.
MRCS Preparation: How to Begin?
Effective MRCS preparation is the secret to success. Here are some tips:
Start Early: Start studying in your last years of MBBS or at an early residency.
Use the Right Resources: Stick to MRCS-specific books, question banks, and online tutorials.
Practice OSCEs: Participate in study groups or training sessions in your local area to simulate real-life situations.
Mock Exams: Repeat mock tests consistently to gauge your preparedness and enhance time management.
Conclusion:
The MRCS examination is a highly regarded and satisfying portal for surgeons seeking international acknowledgement. Regardless of your goals in pursuing a surgery residency, aspiring to super speciality exams, or merely seeking enhanced career prospects, MRCS provides an internationally respected qualification that attests to your clinical ability and dedication to surgical excellence.
If you’re a medical aspirant who wishes to pursue surgery, it’s time to plan your MRCS preparation. It’s not an entrance examination – it’s a move towards your future in surgery.
Residency life in surgery isn’t easy — long hours, never-ending cases, and a mind that’s constantly juggling between OT and exam prep. But what if this Diwali, you could take one step that makes your journey smoother, simpler, and sharper?
That’s exactly what Conceptual Surgery is here for — a space built by real surgeons who know what residency actually feels like. Whether you’re in MS or DNB, or preparing for NEET SS, this platform gives you everything you need to build confidence — not just for exams, but for your surgical career.
And yes, the timing couldn’t be better. Because this Diwali, the biggest offer of the year is here for you!
Diwali Dhamaka Offer
Flat ₹12,000 OFF + 3 Months Extra FREE Valid from 3rd October (12:00 AM) to 23rd October (11:59 PM) Use Code: ECBLOG before the lights go out!
Why Residents Trust Conceptual Surgery?
Complete, System-Wise Learning From head and neck to GI, breast, urology, and vascular — every system is broken down clearly so you understand why you’re doing what you do.
Real Surgical Demonstrations Step into the OT from wherever you are. Watch real surgical procedures explained by experienced surgeons who’ve lived those moments themselves.
Exam-Focused Prep Structured notes, concise theory, and NEET SS-style MCQs — everything you need to stay ready without wasting a single hour.
Mentorship That Feels Personal Learn from teachers who actually care. Ask questions, get feedback, and attend live sessions that don’t just teach — they inspire.
This Diwali, Don’t Just Celebrate — Upgrade Your Residency
Conceptual Surgery isn’t just about videos or notes — it’s about thinking like a surgeon. Hundreds of MS/DNB residents and NEET SS toppers have already built their foundation here, guided by India’s top faculty.
If you’ve been waiting for the right time to join, this is it. Because offers like this don’t come twice in a year.
